{"id":73371,"date":"2022-11-10T16:16:53","date_gmt":"2022-11-10T19:16:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/alana.org.br\/?p=73371"},"modified":"2023-11-16T13:08:41","modified_gmt":"2023-11-16T16:08:41","slug":"protecting-nature-and-children-legal-actions-on-the-climate-crisis-in-brazil","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/alana.org.br\/en\/protecting-nature-and-children-legal-actions-on-the-climate-crisis-in-brazil\/","title":{"rendered":"Protecting nature and children: legal actions on the climate crisis in Brazil"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In recent years, Brazil has seen\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/criancaenatureza.org.br\/clima\/queimadas-desmatamento\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fires and deforestation<\/a>\u00a0increase at a rapid pace and advance over several biomes. While the inspection agencies, responsible for curbing and preventing these problems, are being dismantled, funds to finance preservation programs are being frozen. This context has led the country to increasingly judicialize the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.alana.org.br\/en\/climate-justice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">climate crisis<\/a>. That is, both political parties and civil society organizations have filed lawsuits with the Brazilian Supreme Court to try to contain the setbacks in the environmental agenda and protect\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lunetas.com.br\/festival-crianca-e-natureza\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nature and children<\/a>.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6RE7cN1Oi4k\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2013 See also: Childhoods between screens and nature<\/a><br><br>In 2022, the Brazilian Supreme Court received seven filed actions related to the guarantee of socio-environmental preservation measures, in the so-called \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.alana.org.br\/pacote-verde-do-stf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">green package<\/a>\u201c. The Alana Institute participated in three of these actions as\u00a0<em>amicus curiae<\/em>\u00a0(friend of the court), with the function of providing subsidies to the ruling body. It brought to the case records the voice of children, who are interested parties because they are part of one of the most vulnerable groups to the effects of\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.alana.org.br\/en\/climate-emergency\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">climate emergency<\/a>.<br><br>\u201cIn these more than 400 drawings and letters that we delivered to your Excellencies (Ministers), the children are unanimous in asking that nature be cared for and preserved. For us, from the Alana Institute, protecting nature is taking care of Brazilian children with\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.alana.org.br\/por-um-pais-que-coloque-as-criancas-em-primeiro-lugar\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">absolute priority<\/a>\u201c, stated lawyer Angela Barbarulo, who coordinated the Climate Justice and Socio-Environmental axis of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/criancaenatureza.org.br\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Children and Nature program<\/a>, from the Alana Institute, during her oral argument.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/criancaenatureza.org.br\/noticias\/fundo-amazonia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2013 Read also: Children tell the Supreme Court Ministers: give the Amazon a chance!<\/a><br><br>It is unusual for the highest court in the country to docket so many actions on the same topic in a single session, but the severity of the moment demands it. The deforestation rate in the Amazon rose 73% from 2019 to 2021, according to the National Institute for Space Research (Inpe) linked to the Federal Government\u2019s Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation. Deforestation and wildfires have intensified, increasing air pollution and climate destabilization.<br><br>According to an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oglobo.globo.com\/um-so-planeta\/ibope-para-maioria-esmagadora-de-brasileiros-proteger-meio-ambiente-prioridade-24868947\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ibope survey<\/a>, 77% of Brazilians believe that protecting the Amazon should be a priority. By docketing actions related to the environment, the Supreme Court shows that it is connected to the wishes of the country\u2019s population and becomes an essential institution to curb omissions and pressure governments to protect our environment.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/criancaenatureza.org.br\/noticias\/crise-do-clima\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2013 Read also: Is it a climate crisis? Or is it ours?<\/a><br><br><strong>Recover resources from the Amazon Fund and the Climate Fund<br><\/strong><br>One of the lawsuits docketed by the Brazilian Supreme Court deals with investments in defense of the Amazon. A Direct Action of Unconstitutionality by Omission, ADO 59, was filed because the federal government has paralyzed activities and failed to make available the R$1.5 billion in the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/criancaenatureza.org.br\/noticias\/fundo-amazonia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Amazon Fund<\/a>, aimed at financing preservation projects in the Legal Amazon.<br><br>The Brazilian government has been making changes to the fund\u2019s format since 2019, extinguishing the technical and guiding committees and preventing them from acting on new projects. For this reason,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/portal.stf.jus.br\/noticias\/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=496461&amp;ori=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Minister Rosa Weber proposed that the Union reactivate the Amazon Fund<\/a>\u00a0and refrain from making new suspensions. The issue was analyzed this month by the other members of the Court and,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jota.info\/stf\/do-supremo\/por-10-votos-a-1-stf-determina-reativacao-do-fundo-amazonia-03112022\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">by 10 votes to 1<\/a>, the Ministers determined the resumption of the fund within 60 days.<br><br>Among the actions within the Supreme Court\u2019s green package was also the Argument of Noncompliance with a Fundamental Precept, ADPF 708, which dealt with the non-allocation of resources by the federal government for the National Fund on Climate Change (<a href=\"https:\/\/criancaenatureza.org.br\/clima\/protecao-clima-e-criancas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Climate Fund<\/a>) since 2019. In July of the current year,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/portal.stf.jus.br\/noticias\/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=489997&amp;ori=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the majority of the Supreme Court Ministers prohibited the contingency<\/a>\u00a0of the fund\u2019s revenues and determined that the Union must adopt the necessary measures for its operation, with the consequent allocation of resources.<br><br><strong>Deforestation and dismantling of inspection<br><\/strong><br>Deforestation was also brought to trial before the Court. Seven political parties and ten civil society organizations \u2013 among which was the Alana Institute \u2013 jointly filed the ADPF 760 in 2020 to demand from the Court the resumption of compliance with the goals established by national legislation and international agreements undertaken by Brazil on climate change.<br><br>Rapporteur for the case, Minister C\u00e1rmen L\u00facia voted for the Supreme Court to order the Brazilian authorities to present a plan with goals, actions and budgetary allocations to resume environmental control and inspection activities, as well as to combat crimes in the Amazon, by safeguarding the rights of indigenous peoples. But the final ruling on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/portal.stf.jus.br\/noticias\/verNoticiaDetalhe.asp?idConteudo=484966&amp;ori=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the matter was suspended<\/a>\u00a0by a request for examination by Minister Andr\u00e9 Mendon\u00e7a.<br><br><strong>The quality standards of the air we breathe<br><\/strong><br>The Direct Action of Unconstitutionality, ADI 6148, was also heard by the Supreme Court. The lawsuit challenges CONAMA Resolution 491 of 2018, which establishes air quality standards. According to the lawsuit, this resolution does not effectively and adequately regulate such standards, being \u201cvague and permissive\u201d and leaving unprotected the fundamental rights to environmental information, the ecologically balanced environment, health and, consequently, life.<br><br>The Supreme Court did not recognize the unconstitutionality of the resolution, but determined that CONAMA should update the standard so that it has \u201csufficient protective capacity for air quality\u201d\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/congressoemfoco.uol.com.br\/area\/justica\/stf-declara-resolucao-do-conama-constitucional-mas-determina-atualizacao\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">within two years<\/a>. If this update is not done, the country will have to use the air quality standards adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO).<br><br>The Alana Institute, through the Child na Nature program, acted as\u00a0<em>amicus curiae<\/em>\u00a0in ADPF 760, ADO 59 and ADI 6148.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/criancaenatureza.org.br\/noticias\/as-criancas-e-natureza-nas-maos-da-justica\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2013 Read also: Children and nature in the hands of justice<\/a><br><br><strong>Brazil has also judicialized the crisis in the Pantanal<br><\/strong><br>The climate crisis has also been causing imbalances to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lunetas.com.br\/incendios-no-pantanal-criancas-ribeirinhas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Pantanal<\/a>, an area of 150 thousand square kilometers between the states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, which is home to the largest floodplain on the planet and represents a complex with great biodiversity. Targeted by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lunetas.com.br\/impacto-queimadas-saude-criancas\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fires and burning<\/a>, the Pantanal has also seen its own crisis taken to court.<br><br>In ADPF 857, four political parties are asking for a plan and actions to prevent the fires that occurred in the Pantanal in 2020 from happening again in an aggravated manner. They contend that the fire, besides putting at risk a significant amount of wildlife species, advanced over indigenous lands and caused immense economic, social and public health losses for these peoples. The situation, they argue, violates several constitutional principles.<br><br>There are other lawsuits with similar objectives filed with the Brazilian Supreme Court. ADPF 743 and 746 have also been filed to force the federal government to comply with measures against the advance and the effects of the fires that are affecting the Amazon and the Pantanal wetlands.<br><br><strong>Indigenous health in the pandemic taken to court<br><\/strong><br>Faced with the lack of response from Brazilian institutions and the advance of the Covid-19 pandemic in the country, the need for action to protect indigenous peoples has also been judicialized. The Articulation of the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil (APIB) joined political parties and civil society organizations and filed, with the Supreme Court, ADPF 709 with the aim of confronting the omission of the federal government in combating the pandemic and demanding measures to protect various ethnic groups. The action requested, for instance, the installation of health barriers in territories where isolated or recently contacted peoples live, in order to protect them.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/institutoalana\/videos\/741074953040893\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2013 See also: Nature is health during childhood<\/a><br><br><strong>Protecting the environment is protecting the future of children<br><\/strong><br>The socio-environmental and climate mismanagement in Brazil has demanded strong actions from the Justice system, especially to ensure the protection of the rights of those most vulnerable. In this group are children and adolescents, who suffer the effects of climate change in an amplified way.<br><br>The analysis of such actions by the Supreme Court must be based on the rights of children and adolescents foreseen in article 227 of the Brazilian Constitution, which ensures their best interests and the absolute priority of their fundamental rights, as well as in article 225, which endows the right to a balanced environment with the status of a fundamental right. In practice, this means starting from a human rights perspective based on justice, respect for human and non-human life, as well as intergenerational solidarity.<br><br>\u201cProtecting nature is taking care of Brazilian children, a constitutional duty, a legal rule, imposed on all of us \u2013 families, society, companies and the State \u2013 and, thus, the principle of intergenerational equity must be placed at the center of the debate when we think about our common future,\u201d stated Angela Barbarulo.<br><br><a href=\"https:\/\/oldsite.alana.org.br\/en\/children-cop-27\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u2013 Read also: Alana brings the reality of childhoods in the face of climate emergency to COP27<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In recent years, Brazil has seen\u00a0fires and deforestation\u00a0increase at a rapid pace and advance over several biomes. While the inspection agencies, responsible for curbing and preventing these problems, are being dismantled, funds to finance preservation programs are being frozen. This context has led the country to increasingly judicialize the\u00a0climate crisis. That is, both political parties [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":71914,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[690],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-73371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Protecting nature and children: legal actions on the climate crisis in Brazil - Alana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/alana.org.br\/en\/protecting-nature-and-children-legal-actions-on-the-climate-crisis-in-brazil\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protecting nature and children: legal actions on the climate crisis in Brazil - Alana\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In recent years, Brazil has seen\u00a0fires and deforestation\u00a0increase at a rapid pace and advance over several biomes. 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While the inspection agencies, responsible for curbing and preventing these problems, are being dismantled, funds to finance preservation programs are being frozen. This context has led the country to increasingly judicialize the\u00a0climate crisis. 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